BULLETIN OF THE LEBEDEV PHYISICS INSTITUTE
P.N.Lebedev Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of sciences

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1. Title:
THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF VORTEX LATTICES IN A SOLID-STATE MICROCHIP LASER
Authors:
A.Y. Okulov.



Abstract:


2. Title:
THE EFFECT OF DARK MATTER HALO ON THE GROWTH OF A SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE IN THE CENTER OF A GALAXY
Authors:
E.A. Vasil`ev, M.I. Zel`nikov.



Abstract:


3. Title:
ELECTRON ACCELERATION UPON PROPAGATION OF SELF-CHANNELED INTENSE LIGHT PULSES
Authors:
A.L. Galkin, V.V. Korobkin, O.B. Shiryaev, M.Y. Romanovskii.



Abstract:


4. Title:
THE ROLE OF COSMIC RAYS IN THE FORMATION OF LIGHTNING
Authors:
V.I. Ermakov, Y.I. Stozhkov.



Abstract:
It is shown that one of the key roles in the formation of lightning is played by high-energy charged cosmic ray particles responsible for column ionization of air. In the presence of a sufficiently strong electric field (~3 kV/cm) in a thundercloud, an electric breakdown of air occurs in ionized tracks of these particles and the tracks become electrically conductive. A leader, or a lightning pre-discharge, passes through a system of tracks possessing minimum resistance. Immediately following this leader is a so-called recurrent hit, i.e., the main lightning discharge which carries a negative charge from the cloud to the Earth or from the Earth s surface into the cloud.